One Night Stands and Regret Essay Example for Free

One Night Stands and Regret Essay Sex is considered a taboo up until we become college students. We have people whom want to remain chaste until marriage, we have people whom want to have experimental encounters with as many people as they can in college, and then there are people whom would only consider having sexual relations with their significant other. College parties are wild and it is guaranteed that at least 5 couples will end up hooking up at the end of the night. Most hook ups becomes one-night stands. If we were to ask those individuals if they regret their past encounters many would say yes because drugs or alcohol were involved. Drugs and and alcohol play an important role in sex. It is more likely for an intoxicated person to engage in sexual encounters than a sober person. In the magazine Psychology Today, there is an article called â€Å"If I Could do it All Over Again† that talks about the half-life of sex. In this article we are informed with statistics of men and women whom admit as to why they regret their past encounters. The article also explains scenarios of cases where sexual encounters break relationships and marriages. The biggest questioned raised by Matt Huston in his article is â€Å"When it comes to sexual misadventures, why do we feel so wrong about that which, in the heat of the moment, felt so right?† (Huston 39). Huston suggests that people feel thrill when having encounters rather than casual sex. What is there to regret of sex? Women who lose their virginity in a sexual encounter regret it because they feel like they lost their pureness to the wrong man. Women also regret having sexual encounters because they feel like they moved too fast to jump into sex. Men have other type of regrets. There are men who regret no jumping into bed and having sex with a random person. There are men who regret not being more sexually active in their youth. On a survey done to men and women, 55% of men regret not having sexual encounters. 48% of men regret not being sexually active at a young age. 43% of women regret moving too fast and jumping into sex. 41% of women regret  losing their virginity to the wrong person. Both men and women regret things differently. Women regret most of their past sexual encounters while men regret not having more sexual encounters. A very interesting study done in the Journal of Sex research, finds that regardless of sex, both genders that engage in sex with relative strangers may actually be more anxious and depressed. Another impactful statistic is that more than 70% of â€Å"college students who’d had a one-night stand had also experienced sexual regret† (39). This magazine article is very informative. It really doesn’t persuade people not to have sexual encounters; it just informs us about the people who regret sexual encounters. The magazine’s job is to inform us of a topic that really isn’t talked about on a daily basis. One can say that this magazine is sending out a subliminal message, which is to think before we engage in sexual encounters. The magazine believes that this generation has changed the idea of sex and has created a new a separate type of sex called sexual encounters. It also shows how many of these people show regret for past encounters. While shopping at Target I looked around and saw the books and magazines sections. I decided to buy a National Geographic magazine. The cover had an interesting hook; it basically said that Aliens weren’t far from earth. I bought the magazine and read the article, however, it didnt finish the article when I decided to return the magazine to the store. The article was very boring, the language wasnt clear to understand, and the text became boring the further I read. I went back to Target and looked around for another magazine and I decided to look at Psychology Today. My initial article to write my essay was on â€Å"Daydreams† and how those fantasies affect our futures. As I flipped through the magazine I came across the topic of sex. I read the title and I felt a relation to that topic. We’re college students and we know people whom participate in sexual encounters. Sexual encounters are something that is incredibly popular in college and especially at parties and clubs. It is interesting to know how both men and women feel after sexual encounters. Before I read this article I had no opinion on sexual encounters. I have a few friends whom participate in this type of acts. I always tell them to use protection and avoid stupid mistakes. I dont judge people, everyone makes mistakes and many of us keep making mistakes. After I read this article it hit me. I used to believe that when someone engages in sexual encounters they aren’t sensitive and dont have emotional feelings. But this magazine proved me wrong. Men and women do feel regret; their regret differs but they still feel regret based on a sexual encounter. I dont regret reading this article because it really caught my attention. I scanned the article and emailed it to some of my friends. I was really amazed with the research that explained that most of the people who participate in sexual encounters are anxious and depressed. It is rude to ask personal questions to people but I’d be very interested in knowing if they are anxious or depressed. If I ever feel the necessity of participating in a sexual encounter I will think back to this article and analyze the moment. Drugs and alcohol are not our friends and intoxication can make us do things we wouldnt do when sober. I would also think of the statistics of people whom regret the sexual encounters. This article has made me realize that there is a negative effect on sexual encounters, there is more to than just sex. Sex involves feelings. I think that every college student should read this article. Many people could prevent feeling regretful if they read an interesting article like this one. Works Cited Huston, Matt. If I Could Do It All Over Again. Psychology Today 1 Mar. 2014: 37-39. Print.

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Dr. A. Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany Essay Example for Free

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Dr. A. Elizabeth â€Å"Bessie† Delany Essay The following information for this biopsychosocial assessment of Dra. Annie Elizabeth â€Å"Bessie† Delany was found from the autobiography of Bessie and her sister, Sadie (Delany, Delany, Hearth, 1993). Bessie Delany was born in 1891, she is the third daughter of Henry and Nanny Delany. she studied at Columbia University and she became the second female dentists in New York. In that time the segregation, violence, and discrimination took a big part of Delany family, and her parent had a very difficult time raising their family. Bessie and her parents were involved in politics social activism known as the civil movement. Bessie’s parents were an example of life for their children and others in their community. By being a family who succeeded in life. In those days, white people thought that the success for black was waste of time since at that time it was unusual for black people to become successful in their life’s. sheets (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993). In the book, â€Å"Having Our Say†, Bessie and Sadie Delany reflect on their personal, professional, and social experiences. Both Bessie and Sadie would be considered in Older Adulthood as defined by Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2010). At the time that the book was written, Bessie was criticizing the positive and negative. She often got upset as she sees that people were doing the right things. Bessie was the younger of the two sisters, she was a leader, her personality showed anger comparing to her sister that she was very calm. Bessie was reliant on her sister Sadie. For example, Bessie didn’t have a pension and depended upon Sadie’s Board of Education pension to live throughout retirement. (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993). Biological Issues During the adulthood stage, people have many biological issues like when a person reaches this point in life they begin to face aging problems. One of those issues is the senescence that an individual is affected in different parts of the body, at various rates due to some parts of the body being stronger and resist aging. Older people regularly suffer the most visible effects of physical appearances, like shakiness of the hands and legs. Problems with bodily coordination, shoulder struggles, reduced agility, an increase in wrinkles of the skin, and the slowdown of the Psychomotor skills all occur currently (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 588-589-590 According to the textbook, Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment, the slowdown of the Psychomotor skill specifies that the central nervous system is slowing down the information processing. Older people may come across problems such as difficulty remembering things as well as learning or retaining new information from memory. Problems can arise in certain activities such as driving a car. This can cause an increase in the risk of accidents while they drive. Even in older adulthood, however, if an individual has a healthy physical and mental state, Psychomotor skills can be highly functioning, and the person doesn’t have to have these challenges. Not everyone ages at the same rate, this is true for biological functioning (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pp. 588-590). Bessie Delany’s Biological Development Based on descriptions of Bessie in the book, there are a few of examples that may show signs of aging in her adult biological development. Bessie was walking along with her sister and mother when a boy called them â€Å"grandmas† because of their grey hair, slow movements, and wrinkles (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, p. 250). Her body showed her that her youth was gone because they were walking slowly as elders do. Bessie stopped driving a vehicle because of her body changes as her hand movements are diminished, reflexes are different from when she was young. Because of her age, Bessie had also stopped cutting her trees. She did not feel confident to be climbing a ladder and utilized sheets (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). Assess Bessie’s Development Normal or Healthy? Yes, Bessie’s biological development was healthy because she still functioned at a high level. She always ate healthily, ate different vegetables every day, and they also included fruits and vitamins. Usually, in her daily routine, she took Vitamins A, B complex, C, D, E, as well as minerals and zinc. Bessie participated in exercises such as yoga, and she also enjoyed cultivating their garden that helped to maintain mental and active physical conditions. Identified Biological Strengths. Bessie had many strengths, despite her age, and she did not lose her vision. She was very independent, motivates her father to become a professional. Her professional goal became a dentist. (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). She decides to be a professional instead of being a mother. She had a very strong character, where she didn’t like what she sees, she will protest, especially when she suffered racial attacks. She had a great memory. As she could remember her early childhood. (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 289). Bessie’s Biological Needs Bessie did not have any outstanding biologicals needs, she was healthy at the age of 101 years old. Reference Delaney, Sarah L., Delaney, Annie Elizabeth, Hill-Hearth, Amy (1993). Having our Say. The Delany Sister’ First 100 years. N. Y. New York. Dell Publishing a Division of Random House, Inc. Zastrow, Charles H. Kirst-Ashman Karen, K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior and Social Environment. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning

The Role Of The Modern Constrction Project Manager Construction Essay

The Role Of The Modern Constrction Project Manager Construction Essay Construction project manager is the responsible person to handle overall construction of projects from start to end, successfully complete the project within on Time, Cost, and Quality. As the educational Qualifications, They are degree holders or having relevant equivalent qualifications in the field of civil engineering, construction management or construction sciences. There are critical responsibilities relevant to the construction project manager roles; hence he should mange the project in a proper way to achieve the project goals. A Construction project is a temporary endeavor to create an inimitable product or service. Construction Projects generally include constraints and risks concerning cost, schedule or performance outcome. This management process specially consists of some specific functions such as, Project Initiation, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Managing of Resources for completion of the project successfully within a scheduled time, cost and quality. There are nine project management processes Such as, Scope Management, Schedule Management, Budget Management, Quality Management, Team Management, Stakeholder Management, Information Management, Risk management, Contract Management. Cost controlling system is a critical activity of the cost management process, to run the project without commercial backlog. (Refer to Chat 1.02) Final inspection should carry out by the Construction Project Manager after completion of constructions of the project. He must re-check all approval for quality of work, testing and commissioning reports, scope verification etc. INTRODUCTION As a spectacular construction project manager who is broadly discuses within this report about Modern Construction Project Management Process for the purpose of make understand of client. Describing identified critical phases of management process how to manage and how to obtain a maximum turnover of the project through proper management methods. As well as to archive the project goals in terms of time, Quality, Cost, Safety. Hence in this study will be discussed some significant project management key measures, such as role of the modern construction project manager, effective modern project management process and how to contribute to improve the time, quality and cost to construction project. MAIN BODY Who is the construction project manager? Construction project manager is the responsible person to handle overall construction of projects from start to end. His duty will be act as the representative of the client, as well as complete contribution for the successful initiation, planning, execution and close-out of a project. Construction project managers are engaged with particular management activities for managing construction projects in a proper way, hence they have the specialized knowledge for project planning, directing, coordinating and budgeting process. As examples for construction projects; Commercial buildings, Industrial buildings, Schools hospitals, Roads bridges, Water treatment plants, and also specialized civil engineering works, etc; Educational Background of the Construction Project Manager Generally they are degree holders or having relevant equivalent qualifications in the field of civil engineering, construction management or construction sciences. Also some of them are promoted as construction managers from supervisory level having sufficient experience. Other added qualifications will be; ability of having flexibility, making clear decisions for managing and resolving problems, good understanding about engineering drawings and very good knowledge of operating computer software. And also talented with good communication skills, leadership skills to have a good relationship with relevant parties, The Construction Project Managers Responsibilities: There are critical responsibilities relevant to the construction project manager roles; hence he should mange the project in a proper way to achieve the project goals. His responsibilities and duties in brief are as follows; Study the condition of construction site and prepare a feasibility study report to get understanding about what type of land required for the project. Prepare master program coordinate with the planner and discuss with the employer. Execute as a key role in project planning, budgeting, and identification of resources required. Organize the construction team, developing the objectives, goals of each and allocate individual responsibilities. Managing project cash-flow and minimizing exposures and risks in the project. Manage/ monitor the construction activity progress in line with the project schedule. Keep well communication with all contractors. And also co-ordinate with all parties whom are involved in the project. Advising the employer related with finance and cost controlling. Monitoring strictly budgetary guidelines, quality and safety standards. Periodic inspections of construction sites. Heading of project kick off meetings and periodic progress meetings as required Obtaining of all necessary permits and licenses as per the project requirements. Preparations for handing over process in respect to the agreed contract master Program. In addition, there are some specific qualitative attributes in project management roles; ability to plan and organize a team effort, well client management and kindness building aptitude, talent to motivate, guide and increase morale of the teams, successful time management and logical decision-making skill, ability to handle work force, physical mental fitness and physically powerful focus on quality etc. What is a Construction Project? A Construction project is a temporary endeavor to create an inimitable product or service. Construction Projects generally include constraints and risks concerning cost, schedule or performance outcome. Every project has a start and an end. The end of a project is defined by the successful completion of the product or service. There are specific traits that all projects have in common. The most distinguishing feature is a specific time frame. Every project must have a clear, definitive objective and activity tasks, such as planning, organizing, Control and close-out tasks, and resource and project executions Key Characteristics of Projects are: Unique solution. Project boundaries. One-time effort, usually requiring specified resources. Specified start and Project Milestones. Concerning about project completion period. What is the Construction Project Management? According to the PM4DEV Project Management for Development Organizations, noted as; Project management is a process of leading a team of capable people in planning and implementing a series of related activities that need to be accomplished on a specific date with a limited budget. Because of its nature, coordinating all these activities requires a process approach. This management process specially consists of some specific functions such as, Project Initiation, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Managing of Resources for completion of the project successfully within a scheduled time, cost and quality. General functions of construction project management usually include the following Project objectives and plans; (including definition of scope, scheduling, budgeting, setting performance requirements) Maximizing resource efficiency of labor, materials and equipment through a proper management. Implementing various operations through proper coordination and monitoring of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction for the entire process. Developing effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts Particularly project manager is the overall responsible person to implement the construction project management process in a proper way. Hence, Project Manager has the ultimate responsibility such as, Planning, Organizing, Controlling and successful completion of the project. Furthermore, explaining about project management process by below given chart will shows clearly. (Refer to Figure 2-1) Figure 2-1:Â   Basic Ingredients in Project Management Specific Benefits of the Construction Project Management Process There are specific benefits of Construction Project Management process, these benefits are very essential for the project success. Preferable efficiency in delivering services Improved/Increased/Enhanced customer satisfaction Enhanced effectiveness in delivering services Improved growth and development within your team Greater standing and competitive edge Opportunities to expand your services Better Flexibility Increased risk assessment, Quality Quantity However when executing the essential project management strategies; Construction project managers intent will focus to reach of the desired project goal. Essential Factors of Project Management Process Generally Construction projects have specific factors to contribute of project success or project fail. Each factor directly affect with other factors in order to archive the project objectives. Those are as follows; Project Team and Team Motivation. Project Manager. Project. Planning. Avoiding Scope Creep. Risk Management. Project Closure. Project Management Process According to the PM4DEV, its Project Management for Development Organizations as noted in the article, There are nine particular management processes under Construction project management, and to implement in a proper way by using specialized knowledge of the Project Manager. The nine project management processes are: Scope Management Schedule Management Budget Management Quality Management Team Management Stakeholder Management Information Management Risk management Contract Management Above management process have divided into two groups: Enabling processes Facilitating processes This management process phases are interrelated with entire project life cycle. Below given graphic chat will shows about interrelationship with management process and project lifecycle. Enabling Process (Scope, Schedule, Budget, Quality Management) Project Life Cycle (Initiation, Planning, execution, Controlling Monitoring, Close-out) Facilitating processes (Team, Stakeholder, Information, Risk management Contract Management) Figure 4.1 Project Management Processes and Phases Enabling Processes In the construction management process, enabling process include with project scope, schedule, budget and quality. Hence, these should enable to control some specific objectives of the project for the project success. Scope Management In the construction project management process; Scope management is a very critical for project success. Also project scope is the way to illustrate the boundaries of the project. Hence, Project Manager should aware and concerning the project scope. As a result of this, Project Manager is able to co-ordinate with designers to get update and control the project scope and also acknowledge of project team. Further about scope management by below given graphic chart will explain it briefly; Schedule Management Schedule Management is the development of a project schedule that includes all project activities, hence the Project Manager has to stick on starting and completion dates of each trade packages as programmed, and management team also has to monitor progress of construction and forecast the completion dates accordingly. If completion dates are not matching the master program, control process is required. As an example; assumed some work element unable to complete as programmed due to less progressing or late in starting. If so, it will affect to other work sections too, and delay occurs accordingly. Therefore, Project Manager should advice to allocate additional resources to accelerate the delayed work section to complete it as pre- programmed. Budget Management Budget Management process is required to ensure the project is completed within the estimated budget. Hence, this is the vital responsibility of the Construction Project Manager to handle and complete the project within allocated budget of the project. As well as monitor and control the cost of project at both pre post contract stages, also these are important parts of the management process. Quality Management Quality Management is the process to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs of the beneficiaries. Hence, Project Manager has to monitor and control the quality of work and develop the quality plan. Also he has to allocate a experienced project coordinator to advice guide the contractor to maintain the quality of work. Each work element should be approved by a qualified quality controller or an Engineer prior to handover. Also he has to check the quality of materials and should be strict to the contractor to use standard materials for construction as specified in drawings and specifications to maintain the quality of work. Hence all materials should be approved by a quality controlling team prior to use for construction. Some of the most important quality tools are; Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle, Fishbone Diagram, Pareto Chart, Scatter Diagram, Decision Matrix, Flowchart, Stratification, Control Chart, Histogram, Brainstorming, Tree Diagram, etc; Facilitating processes This process includes with some specific functions such as, Team, stakeholder, information, risk, and contract management, these are facilitating to assist and make possible to achieve its objectives. Team Management Team management is a technique, processes and tools for organizing and coordinating a group of individuals working towards a common goal, there are some critical factors for success of the team management process, identify the roles responsibilities, reporting relationships and getting the people whom will be allocated to the project and team improvement. As well as team evaluation is very important part to identify the staff performances and their skill levels and required further development. Stakeholder Management Stakeholder Management include Stakeholder identify, analysis, planning and communication. Project Stakeholders are very important people for the project success. Hence, Project Manager has to manage them in a proper way, because of all of them having interested to the project success. As example Donors, Beneficiaries, Local Government Organizations Partners or Organizations are the Stakeholders of a Construction Project. Also, managing them and keeping good relationship in between stakeholders and project. Risk Management Identification of possible risks in advance is an important and major responsibility of a Project Manager. The project management team will be able to take necessary actions to avoid or minimize the risks by identifying them early. Safety of work, Economic matters, Weather conditions, political matters, etc; also includes in risk management. Hence, it is important to take required insurance for the construction, material on site, employees; third parties, etc; Methods and Techniques for influence the planning process At the Design Stage Existing plans to be used to observe design problems and identify most suitable techniques and methods during the design stage. Site visit and inspection carry out at recently completed projects, similar to this project in order to get proper analysis to minimize the possible design risks. Separate design department such as Architectural, MEP, and Civil Works need set-up to reduce design errors and to minimize the time. At the Construction Stage Supply Ready-mix concrete from nearest place for control project time and cost overrun. Use slip-forming method for special constructions, swimming pool and water tank tower. Project duration can be controlled using pre-cast concrete slabs for car park basement floors, walls etc. Use of eco bricks for structural walls boundary walls. Also cement, soils stabilizer can be used for wall plastering. Programming, scheduling and controlling Pre-Contract Stage Planning to start tendering process carry out prior to finish all the required designs. Project Specifications and requirements to be submitted at early stage to the specialized contractors. Soil investigation reports need to be handed over to the design consultant at the planning stage. Tenders should call for Pilling contractors once completing the design of pilling. Planning to carry out Site preparation works by others (Demolitions, filling and cutting, removing vegetation soil etc.) Required temporary facilities need put-up at project site. Take necessary action for site security by fencing, lighting etc. and also putting up security post as required. Post-Contract Stage Prepare the construction programme as per the construction works sequence. Actual performance to be achieved being reviewed weekly and monthly. Design modifications should incorporate when and where arise at the project. Review construction Programme frequently, in order to control project milestones. Monitor sub contractors activities regularly to check whether activities are in accordance with agreed timescales. Cost Controlling Cost controlling system is a critical activity of the cost management process, to run the project without commercial backlog. (Refer to Chat 1.02) Chart 1.02 Cost controlling and cost management system Pre contract cost management Generally preliminary budget estimate is prepared based on the clients intended budget and also concerning separate trade packages. As well as Cost plan (elemental analysis), Cost check, Tender reconciliation process also important activities for the cost controlling under pre contract stage. Post contract cost management BCIS slandered form is followed (Elemental Standard Form of Cost Analysis Principles, Instructions, Elements and Definitions 4th Edition) to prepare elementary cost analysis method and gaudiness. Further detail herein for cost control, using S- curve methods; (Refer to Chart 1.03) Chart 1.03 Cost control S-Curve (Programmed) Referring to the above diagram; it shows expenditure and income occurred. This is being monitored regularly, to avoid the cost overrun. . Safety of Work Safety of work is very important at the site to avoid delays and disputes in construction. Hence all employees should educate about safety matters and should provide safety equipments, also should be maintain proper safety standers for the project success. Closing and Handover the Project Final inspection should carry out by the Construction Project Manager after completion of constructions of the project. He must re-check all approval for quality of work, testing and commissioning reports, scope verification etc. CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATION When study through the report its present this conclusion; any construction projects can be successfully completed by implementing construction management process in a proper way and also critical responsibility of the project mangers having, as examples; considerable effort to be taken to avoid or minimize the project overrun time; cost and quality within obtain comprehensive effort for site investigation and feasibility study as well as all parties that involved at the design stage have to be worked as a team and to be collaborated to finalize and fulfillment of project designs, managing risks in a proper way and using management techniques to mitigate cost over runes. REFERENCE/ BIBLIOGRHAPY The Top 10 Benefits of Project Management http://theconstructor.org/constrution/project-quality-management-in-construction/292/ http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/09_Construction_Planning.html#9.1 Basic Concepts in the Development of Construction Plans WORD COUNT Word count 2127 Nos (Excludes Reference/ bibliography)

Stereo-typical Characteristics of the Old West Lawman :: Sociology Essays Research Papers

Marshall Matt Dillon - Stereo-typical Characteristics of the Old West Lawman The sound of pounding horse hooves and the piercing ricochet of a gunshot break the silence over the radio. As theme music begins to play, an announcers voice is heard, Around Dodge City and in the territory out West, theres just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers, and thats with the US Marshall and the smell of gun smoke. (Radio Spirits) Thus begins the program Gunsmoke, a program in which the hero, United States Marshall Matt Dillon, personifies the stereotypical old-west lawman through his lonely, compassionate, and judge-mental character. At the beginning of every episode, Dillon begins by making an opening statement, where he identifies himself as, Matt Dillon, United States Marshall a man watchful and a little lonely. (Radio Spirits) In Johnny Reb, this loneliness is portrayed though a private conversation with Kitty, the saloon manager. In this dialogue, Kitty is expressing her desires for a normal life with a house, husband, and children. These desires, while mutual for both Dillon and Kitty are fantasies because they both know that they will never get out of the West. While, A body does get mighty lonely (Johnny Reb), Dillon understand that the western man is a wanderer, always searching for that mythical pot-of-gold at the end of the rainbow. Also his life consists of co-existing with other lawmen, gunfighters, and saloon girls for friends and of remembrances of loved ones spread across the country, seldom heard from. (Ben Tollivers Stud). Possibly because they were lonely, or because they were gentlemen, the typical western lawman was very compassionate. The listener sees this trait through Matt Dillon in virtually every episode. In Ben Tollivers Stud Dillons compassion was toward Tolliver who was mistreated by his former boss. It was shown toward Mrs. Crail in Johnny Reb whom he thought was getting robbed by an outlaw, and in Twenty-twenty toward his friend Troy Carver. Dillon felt so much compassion in this particular episode that it led him to break his promise not to get involved in Carvers business, in an attempt to save his life. Yet even though Dillon was compassionate, he was also quite judge-mental, another characteristic of the typical hero of the West. By falsely assuming men killed other men (Ben Tollivers Stud), and automatically assuming that if a man has a record he is up to no good and a liar, (Johnny Reb) Dillon portrays his judgments in a negative manner.

The International Civil Aviation Organization :: essays research papers

The International Civil Aviation Organization Origin, Objectives and Achievements Introduction: Civil aviation is a powerful force for progress in our modern global society. It creates and supports millions of jobs worldwide. It forms part of the economic lifeline of many countries. It is a catalyst for travel and tourism, the world's largest industry. Beyond economics, air transport enriches the social and cultural fabric of society and contributes to the attainment of peace and prosperity throughout the world. Therefore, providing a cohesive, global form of organization for such activities is essential in ensuring their quality, stability and effectiveness. The International Civil Aviation Organization: I- Definition: The International Civil Aviation Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations, whose mandate is to ensure the efficient, safe and orderly evolution of international civil aviation. II- Origin: The International Civil Aviation Organization was first established in Chicago, U.S in December 1941, in the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which also formed its charter. The convention, also known as the Chicago convention, established rules of airspace, airplane registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The charter document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, 1947. The convention has since been revised seven times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, and 2000). The convention states that the organization is made up of an Assembly, a Council and a Secretariat. The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Assembly, composed of representatives from all Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reviews in detail the work of the Organization. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sets policy for the coming years and establishes a triennial budget. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elects the Council, the governing body for a three-year term.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Council is composed of members from 33 States who maintain their offices and conduct their business at the ICAO Headquarters. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adopts Standards and Recommended Practices and incorporates them as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gives continuing direction to the work of ICAO. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Develops Standards, with the assistance of: The Air Navigation Commission in technical matters. The Air Transport Committee in economic matters. The Committee on Unlawful Interference in aviation security matters. A Standard: Is any specification for physical characteristics, configuration, material, performance, personnel or procedure, which is recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation .

Synesthetic Reality - Is our notion of reality the only truth? :: Synthesia Research Science Papers

Synesthetic Reality - Is our notion of reality the only truth? "What's first strikes me is the color of someone's voice. [V--] has a crumbly, yellow voice, like a flame with protruding fibers. Sometimes I get so interested in the voice, I can't understand what's being said." --From Synesthesia: A Union of the Senses by Robert E. Cytowic. What would you make of the preceding account? Would you think the speaker was...crazy?...on drugs?...making a play for attention? Would you be skeptical if the speaker told you it was her natural way of perceiving the world? In truth, it is an example of the way in which about one in every 25,000 people observes the world (1). The term (I hesitate to use "scientific term" for reasons I'll discuss further on) given to the condition-- synesthesia--derives from the Greek roots syn, meaning together, and aesthesis, to perceive, and conveys the principle features of the synesthete's perceptual state (2). In synesthetic perception, stimuli activate not just one sense, but several. An oral stimulus isn't a taste alone--it may also be a taste, a shape, a color, a movement (1). For example, a synesthete might explain that the taste of "squid produces a large glob of bright orange foam, about four feet away, directly in front of me" (3). Such joint perceptions are automatic and involuntar y, just as is usual perceptual experience, and, unlike imaginary images or ideas, synesthetic perception is not only vividly real, but "often outside the body, instead of imagined in the mind's eye" (2). Though accounts of synesthetic experience are receiving increased study and documentation, the many in the scientific community remain partially unconvinced, if not wholly dismissive. Lacking sufficient empirical, objective data to depict the synesthetic experience, synesthetes and researchers of the condition have had to combat doubt, disregard, and ridicule in defense of the condition's reality and validity. The question raised by synesthesia then becomes: Why does science discount first-person evidence to such an extent? If a condition has little to no "objective" or empirical "proof," does that mean it can't exist? If researchers can produce no computer read-out, no resonance imaging, no technologically-generated chart, should the scientific community turn up its nose? The existence of synesthesia has been questioned and discussed for nearly 300 years, and it received the most enthusiastic investigation between 1869 and 1930 (12).

Nature’s Work (Anaylsis of a Blizzard Under Blue Sky)

Houston seems to be an extremely talented writer. It comes as no surprise that â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† is a truly compelling short story (despite the fact that it only spans four pages). The reason Houston is able to draw readers in is because she opens by introducing the underlying topic of the piece, than puts the topic on the back burner to make room for a fascinating narrative, and in the end ties the theme and the tale together without making the connection seem forced.Based on her writing structure, the three key points of â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† seem to be identifying her problems/treating depression, persevering through a near death experience, and then realizing how the two are intertwined. Houston opens the story by detailing what has got her down in life: there are bills to pay, work to be done, and uncommitted men. The combination of this, and maybe even the haze of winter, made it so that â€Å"the machine that drives you is broken† (Houston 284).In the story, the doctor suggested medication to get her functioning correctly again, but Houston was adamant that she would never fix her depression with pills. She came up with an alternative solution: winter camping. From here, Houston drops basically all discussion about her depression. As a result, the reader almost forgets why she was going camping in the first place. Instead of dwelling, she immerses herself in nature hoping to get the same results as a prescription would have achieved artificially.One quote in particular perfectly describes her healing journey through nature, â€Å"when everything in your life is uncertain, there’s nothing quite like the clarity and the precision of fresh snow and blue sky† (Houston 284). Although her initial accounts of winter camping seem jovial and fun (she even mentions that the clarity and the sereneness feels like the fourth dimension). Houston’s experience quickly takes a turn for the worse. The sun creeping behind the mountains amplifies her lack of experience and her lack of supplies.Accordingly, she is faced with a fourteen hour sleepless night where her only concern is survival (for both her and her dogs). When the sun came up on House’s snow cave the next day, she describes a feeling of pure joy and relief based on the fact that she is alive. â€Å"For the first time in many months I was happy to see a day beginning† (Houston 287). She forgot about the bills, the man, and about the depression. Life and happiness because synonymous.The final key point of â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† is the first two key points combined: experiencing nature is an excellent way to deal with depression because it allows one to have â€Å"remembered about joy†. Houston asserts that nature forces you to step outside of your problems and embrace simplicity. Her story is tangible (maybe a little extreme) example of this, but it undoubtedly encourages the readers to use the natural world as a resource to facilitate â€Å"hopefulness†. I thought â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† was a wonderful story and achieved exactly what it intended to.It provoked happiness, maybe even amazement based on the fact that upon setting out Houston was initially skeptical about the healing power of the natural world, and in turn found how revolutionary an extreme experience can be. What’s most interesting is that Houston immediately turned down anti-depressants. Most people would be thrilled at the prospect of a pill filling the void in their lives. Pam Houston had a different view, â€Å"one of the things I love most about the natural world is the way it gives you what’s good for you even if you don’t know it at the time† (Houston 284).The important thing to note here is that she did not know how nature would heal her, but she had an unwavering faith that it would even in extremely harsh conditions. Prior to reading this story, my experiences with nature have not been all that rewarding; I have never had a life changing experience as a direct result of the natural world. Houston helped me to identify why I have never stumbled upon such an organic change before. While she experienced joy by letting go of everything but the prospect of life, I have always gone into the environment with expectations and goals. I intend to change this.In the terms of the big picture, this story ties directly with all her other writings I have read in my free time (Cowboys are my Weakness, Waltzing the Cat, Sight Hound). What we can gather from this story, is that nature is a powerful tool for contemplation, introspection, and healing. It is no coincidence that nature retreats are popular and powerful experiences. One can undoubtedly experience God, and do some meaningful soul searching while experiencing God’s creation first hand. I think that this piece of literature is getting at a very important point: emotio nal fluctuations are inevitable but they don’t have to be debilitating.In her story, Houston is going through a very difficult time, and her problems are very universal: love, work, and money. The natural journey that she consequently details prove that sorrow is curable (medication is not needed). In terms of my life, I intend to take the lessons taught by Houston and apply them to my life. With that being said, I don’t have the time to go camping on a regular basis, nor do I have the desire to, but I will seize any opportunity I can to expand my natural boundaries.This might include exploring a national park on a weekend instead of going to a movie, or it might mean vacationing to the wilderness of Utah instead of defaulting back to the same beaches I have always gone to. Whatever my wilderness emersion ends up being, rest assured that I will go out of my way to seize it. Maybe I will experience a life or death situation and come out with a new found conception of jo y, but even if I don’t, I will soak up whatever nature has to offer me.